---
title: Meanwhile the master Smith was toiling steadily at his forge, making… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Meanwhile the master Smith was toiling steadily at his forge, making the ornaments which he had promised to give to his sister. Who acts: master. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unexpected Journey, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unexpected Journey, sentence 91

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Meanwhile the master Smith was toiling steadily at his forge, making the ornaments which he had promised to give to his sister.

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**Who acts:** master · **What happens:** toil, make, promise, give · **To what, where:** forge, ornaments, sister

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unexpected Journey. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (master), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:20:91
# text = Meanwhile the master Smith was toiling steadily at his forge, making the ornaments which he had promised to give to his sister.
1	Meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	Smith	Smith	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	toiling	toil	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	steadily	steadily	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	forge	forge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ornaments	ornament	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	promised	promise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl:relcl	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **toil** | past · progressive | the master |  |  | Smith's forge |  | Smith *nsubj*; meanwhile, steadily *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at forge=Trajectory |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | the master *not said here* | the ornaments |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ornament=Product |
| 3 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past · perfect · passive |  | the ornaments |  |  |  | master *nsubj* | vn promise-37.13 «NP V NP that S»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **give** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  | Smith's sister |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to sister=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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