---
title: “Whither are you sailing, brave Minstrel?” asked the Smith kindly, b… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: “Whither are you sailing, brave Minstrel?” asked the Smith kindly, but with a sense of victory. Who acts: you, Smith. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Friendly Rivals, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Friendly Rivals, sentence 14

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“Whither are you sailing, brave Minstrel?” asked the Smith kindly, but with a sense of victory.

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**Who acts:** you, Smith · **What happens:** sail, ask, sense · **To what, where:** brave Minstrel, victory · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Friendly Rivals. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Smith), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:21:14
# text = “Whither are you sailing, brave Minstrel?” asked the Smith kindly, but with a sense of victory.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Whither	whither	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sailing	sail	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Minstrel	minstrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
11	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Smith	Smith	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	kindly	kindly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	victory	victory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail** *in a quote* | present · progressive | you | brave Minstrel |  |  |  | whither *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the Smith |  |  |  |  | with a sense of victory; kindly *property* | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **sense** |  |  | victory |  |  |  |  | nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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