---
title: The brown bark crackled with the heat, it shriveled and began to burn. — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: The brown bark crackled with the heat, it shriveled and began to burn. Who acts: brown bark. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Barking Dogs, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Barking Dogs, sentence 122

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The brown bark crackled with the heat, it shriveled and began to burn.

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**Who acts:** brown bark · **What happens:** crackle, shrivel, begin, burn · **To what, where:** brown bark

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Barking Dogs. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brown bark), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:22:122
# text = The brown bark crackled with the heat, it shriveled and began to burn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	crackled	crackle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	shriveled	shrivel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crackle** | participle |  | the brown bark *not said here* |  |  |  | with the heat | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with heat=Theme |
| 2 | **shrivel** | past | the brown bark |  |  |  |  | bark *nsubj* | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **begin** | past | the brown bark *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **burn** | to-infinitive | the brown bark *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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