---
title: Perhaps the dogs have scented a bear escaped from an ice-floe; perha… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Perhaps the dogs have scented a bear escaped from an ice-floe; perhaps they see a band of robbers coming up from the shore. Who acts: dogs, robbers. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Barking Dogs, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Barking Dogs, sentence 56

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Perhaps the dogs have scented a bear escaped from an ice-floe; perhaps they see a band of robbers coming up from the shore.

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**Who acts:** dogs, robbers · **What happens:** scent, escape, see, come up · **To what, where:** dogs, bear, ice floe, band, shore

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Barking Dogs. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dogs, robbers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:22:56
# text = Perhaps the dogs have scented a bear escaped from an ice-floe; perhaps they see a band of robbers coming up from the shore.
1	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	scented	scent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	escaped	escape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	floe	floe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	band	band	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	robbers	robber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
22	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	acl	_	_
23	up	up	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	from	from	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scent** | present · perfect · passive |  | the dogs |  |  |  | a bear *obj*; perhaps *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **escape** | participle |  | a bear *not said here* |  | a ice floe |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from floe=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **see** | present | dogs *= dog* | a band of robbers |  |  |  | perhaps *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer band=Stimulus |
| 4 | **come up** | gerund | robbers *not said here* |  |  | the shore |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from shore=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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