---
title: Swallows twittered under the eaves and cuckoos called to each other… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Swallows twittered under the eaves and cuckoos called to each other among the budding bushes. Who acts: Swallows. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Barking Dogs, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Barking Dogs, sentence 6

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Swallows twittered under the eaves and cuckoos called to each other among the budding bushes.

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**Who acts:** Swallows · **What happens:** twitter, call · **To what, where:** eaves, each · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Barking Dogs. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swallows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:22:6
# text = Swallows twittered under the eaves and cuckoos called to each other among the budding bushes.
1	Swallows	swallow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	twittered	twitter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	under	under	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	eaves	eave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cuckoos	cuckoo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	8	obl	_	_
11	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	fixed	_	_
12	among	among	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	budding	budding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	bushes	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **twitter** | past | Swallows |  |  | the eaves and cuckoos |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | the eaves and cuckoos *not said here* | each |  |  | among the budding bushes | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to each=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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