---
title: With much labor he laid it across his shoulders and adjusted it upon… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: With much labor he laid it across his shoulders and adjusted it upon his sturdy back. Who acts: ground. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Great Pike, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Great Pike, sentence 109

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With much labor he laid it across his shoulders and adjusted it upon his sturdy back.

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**Who acts:** ground · **What happens:** lay, adjust · **To what, where:** labor, shoulders

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Great Pike. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ground), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:25:109
# text = With much labor he laid it across his shoulders and adjusted it upon his sturdy back.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	labor	labor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	adjusted	adjust	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	sturdy	sturdy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | past | ground | labor |  | ground's shoulders |  | with much labor | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Result |
| 2 | **adjust** | past | ground *not said here* | labor |  |  |  | upon ground's sturdy back | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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