---
title: Upon her couch the Mistress was reclining, grim and gray, toothless… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Upon her couch the Mistress was reclining, grim and gray, toothless and unlovely, as of yore. Who acts: Mistress. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Bridegroom’s Triumph, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Bridegroom’s Triumph, sentence 6

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Upon her couch the Mistress was reclining, grim and gray, toothless and unlovely, as of yore.

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**Who acts:** Mistress · **What happens:** recline · **To what, where:** couch

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Bridegroom’s Triumph. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mistress), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:26:6
# text = Upon her couch the Mistress was reclining, grim and gray, toothless and unlovely, as of yore.
1	Upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	couch	couch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Mistress	mistress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	reclining	recline	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	grim	grim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	parataxis	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	gray	gray	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	toothless	toothless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	unlovely	unlovely	ADV	RB	_	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	19	case	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	yore	yore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recline** | past · progressive | the Mistress |  |  | North's couch |  | as yore | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent upon couch=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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