---
title: On land she heard the clatter of reindeers’ hoofs, the galloping of… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: On land she heard the clatter of reindeers’ hoofs, the galloping of horses, the rattle of sledges and the grating of their birchwood runners upon the sand. Who acts: Dame, hoofs, sledges. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Wedding Feast, with its dependen
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Wedding Feast, sentence 47

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On land she heard the clatter of reindeers’ hoofs, the galloping of horses, the rattle of sledges and the grating of their birchwood runners upon the sand.

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**Who acts:** Dame, hoofs, sledges · **What happens:** hear, gallop, clatter, rattle · **To what, where:** clatter, land

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Wedding Feast. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dame, hoofs, sledges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:27:47
# text = On land she heard the clatter of reindeers’ hoofs, the galloping of horses, the rattle of sledges and the grating of their birchwood runners upon the sand.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	clatter	clatter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	reindeers	reindeer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	’	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	hoofs	hoof	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	galloping	gallop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	rattle	rattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	sledges	sledge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	grating	grating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
26	birchwood	birchwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
28	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Dame | the clatter of reindeers's hoofs |  | land |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer clatter=Stimulus |
| 2 | **gallop** | gerund | Dame *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of horses and the rattle of sledges and the grating of sledges's birchwood runners upon the sand | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme of horse=Trajectory |
| 3 | **clatter** |  | reindeers's hoofs |  |  |  |  |  | nom clatter «event intransitive»: of=agent |
| 4 | **rattle** |  | sledges |  |  |  |  |  | nom rattle «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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