---
title: Swiftly he drove his bright-hued sledge into the courtyard, and quic… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Swiftly he drove his bright-hued sledge into the courtyard, and quickly he alighted while the bluebirds sang and the cuckoos called lustily to the swallows beneath the eaves. Who acts: bridegroom, bluebirds. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Wedding Feas
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Wedding Feast, sentence 68

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swiftly he drove his bright-hued sledge into the courtyard, and quickly he alighted while the bluebirds sang and the cuckoos called lustily to the swallows beneath the eaves.

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**Who acts:** bridegroom, bluebirds · **What happens:** drive, hue, alight, sing, call · **To what, where:** bright hued sledge, courtyard, cuckoos, swallows · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Wedding Feast. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bridegroom, bluebirds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:27:68
# text = Swiftly he drove his bright-hued sledge into the courtyard, and quickly he alighted while the bluebirds sang and the cuckoos called lustily to the swallows beneath the eaves.
1	Swiftly	swiftly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
5	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	hued	hue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	alighted	alight	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
17	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	bluebirds	bluebird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	cuckoos	cuckoo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
24	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl	_	_
25	lustily	lustily	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	swallows	swallow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	_
29	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	eaves	eave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past | bridegroom | bridegroom's bright hued sledge |  | the courtyard |  | swiftly *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent sledge=Theme into courtyard=Trajectory |
| 2 | **hue** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **alight** | participle | bridegroom |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the bluebirds | the cuckoos |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cuckoo=Theme |
| 5 | **call** | participle |  | the cuckoos *not said here* | the swallows beneath the eaves |  |  | lustily *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to swallow=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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