---
title: The whip-lash whistled in the air, the copper rings on the horse’s h… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: The whip-lash whistled in the air, the copper rings on the horse’s harness made merry music. Who acts: whip lash, harness. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Home Coming, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Home Coming, sentence 29

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The whip-lash whistled in the air, the copper rings on the horse’s harness made merry music.

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**Who acts:** whip lash, harness · **What happens:** whistle, ring, make · **To what, where:** whip lash, merry music

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Home Coming. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (whip lash, harness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:28:29
# text = The whip-lash whistled in the air, the copper rings on the horse’s harness made merry music.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	lash	lash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
5	whistled	whistle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	rings	ring	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	’s	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	harness	harness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
19	merry	merry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whistle** | participle |  | the whip lash *not said here* |  |  |  | in the air | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in air=Theme |
| 2 | **ring** | present | the whip lash |  |  |  |  | the copper *nsubj* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | past | the horse's harness | merry music |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material music=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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