---
title: The cattle were waiting to be driven to the pasture, the milk cows w… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: The cattle were waiting to be driven to the pasture, the milk cows were lowing impatiently, the yearlings were browsing beside the hedges. Who acts: cattle, milk cows, yearlings. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Slave Boy, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Slave Boy, sentence 37

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The cattle were waiting to be driven to the pasture, the milk cows were lowing impatiently, the yearlings were browsing beside the hedges.

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**Who acts:** cattle, milk cows, yearlings · **What happens:** wait, drive, low, browse · **To what, where:** pasture, hedges

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Slave Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cattle, milk cows, yearlings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:29:37
# text = The cattle were waiting to be driven to the pasture, the milk cows were lowing impatiently, the yearlings were browsing beside the hedges.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	waiting	wait	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pasture	pasture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
15	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	lowing	low	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
17	impatiently	impatiently	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	yearlings	yearling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
21	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	browsing	browse	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
23	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	hedges	hedge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | past · progressive | the cattle |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **drive** | to-infinitive · passive | the cattle *not said here* |  |  | the pasture |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: to pasture=Trajectory |
| 3 | **low** | past · progressive | the milk cows |  |  |  |  | impatiently *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **browse** | past · progressive | the yearlings |  |  | the hedges |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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