---
title: He drove the milk cows to the meadow pastures where the grass was ta… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: He drove the milk cows to the meadow pastures where the grass was tall and green, but the oxen and the younger cattle he allowed to wander as they would in the open fields or the marshy thickets. Who acts: boy, grass, younger cattle. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Slave Boy, sentence 59

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He drove the milk cows to the meadow pastures where the grass was tall and green, but the oxen and the younger cattle he allowed to wander as they would in the open fields or the marshy thickets.

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**Who acts:** boy, grass, younger cattle · **What happens:** drive, pasture, be, allow, wander · **To what, where:** milk cows, oxen, younger cattle

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Slave Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, grass, younger cattle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:29:59
# text = He drove the milk cows to the meadow pastures where the grass was tall and green, but the oxen and the younger cattle he allowed to wander as they would in the open fields or the marshy thickets.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	meadow	meadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
9	pastures	pasture	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
10	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	14	advmod	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	ccomp	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	24	amod	_	_
24	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	allowed	allow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	acl:relcl	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	wander	wander	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
29	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
30	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	advcl	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	_
36	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	marshy	marshy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	thickets	thicket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past | boy | the milk cows |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cow=Theme |
| 2 | **pasture** | present |  | the oxen and the younger cattle |  |  |  | to the meadow | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | past | the grass |  |  |  |  | tall *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | the grass *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **allow** | past | boy | the younger cattle *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer cattle=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 6 | **wander** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the younger cattle *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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