---
title: While others are happy and free I am forced to trudge unwillingly am… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: While others are happy and free I am forced to trudge unwillingly among briars and thorns, over hills and through marshes, watching the tails of hateful cattle. Who acts: others, I. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Slave Boy, with its dependency tree an
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Slave Boy, sentence 67

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While others are happy and free I am forced to trudge unwillingly among briars and thorns, over hills and through marshes, watching the tails of hateful cattle.

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**Who acts:** others, I · **What happens:** be, force, trudge, watch · **To what, where:** I, briars, tails

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Slave Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (others, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:29:67
# text = While others are happy and free I am forced to trudge unwillingly among briars and thorns, over hills and through marshes, watching the tails of hateful cattle.
1	While	while	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	trudge	trudge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	unwillingly	unwillingly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	among	among	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	briars	briar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	thorns	thorn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	over	over	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	through	through	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	marshes	marsh	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	tails	tail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	hateful	hateful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | others |  |  |  |  | happy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | others *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **force** | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **trudge** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  | briars and thorns and hills and marshes |  | unwillingly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among briar=Trajectory |
| 5 | **watch** | gerund | I *not said here* | the tails of hateful cattle |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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