---
title: The crows among the pines cawed loudly; the grasshoppers at his feet… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: The crows among the pines cawed loudly; the grasshoppers at his feet chirped mockingly. Who acts: crows. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Slave Boy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Slave Boy, sentence 81

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The crows among the pines cawed loudly; the grasshoppers at his feet chirped mockingly.

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**Who acts:** crows · **What happens:** caw, chirp · **To what, where:** pines

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Slave Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:29:81
# text = The crows among the pines cawed loudly; the grasshoppers at his feet chirped mockingly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crows	crow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
3	among	among	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pines	pine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	cawed	caw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	grasshoppers	grasshopper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	chirped	chirp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	mockingly	mockingly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **caw** | participle |  | the pines *not said here* |  |  |  | loudly *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **chirp** | past | the crows among the pines |  |  |  |  | the grasshoppers at Kullervo's feet *nsubj*; mockingly *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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