--- title: Kullervo cut through the upper crust of the cake, he cut through the… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics description: Kullervo cut through the upper crust of the cake, he cut through the wheaten layer at the top; but when the knife struck the stone in the centre it broke short off at the hilt and only the handle remained in his grasp. Who acts: Kullervo, knife. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old Nor --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/29/97/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old No…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/) / [The Slave Boy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/29/) / 97 # The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Slave Boy, sentence 97 Kullervo cut through the upper crust of the cake, he cut through the wheaten layer at the top; but when the knife struck the stone in the centre it broke short off at the hilt and only the handle remained in his grasp. **Who acts:** Kullervo, knife · **What happens:** cut, strike, break, remain, grasp · **To what, where:** wheaten layer, stone, centre, hilt This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Slave Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kullervo, knife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66819:29:97 # text = Kullervo cut through the upper crust of the cake, he cut through the wheaten layer at the top; but when the knife struck the stone in the centre it broke short off at the hilt and only the handle remained in his grasp. 1 Kullervo Kullervo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 cut cut VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 through through ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 upper upper ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 crust crust NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 cake cake NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 cut cut VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 13 through through ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 15 wheaten wheaten ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 layer layer NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 17 at at ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 top top NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 20 ; ; PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 21 but but CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 22 when when SCONJ WRB _ 25 mark _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 knife knife NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 25 struck strike VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 advcl _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 centre centre NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 31 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 broke break VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 33 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 xcomp _ _ 34 off off ADP RP _ 33 compound:prt _ _ 35 at at ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 hilt hilt NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 39 only only ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 handle handle NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 conj _ _ 42 remained remain VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 parataxis _ _ 43 in in ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ _ 45 grasp grasp NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 46 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cut** | past | Kullervo | | | | | through the upper crust of the cake | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent through crust=Patient | | 2 | **cut** | past | Kullervo | | | the wheaten layer | | at the top | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at top=Patient | | 3 | **strike** | past | the knife | the stone | | the centre | | | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Patient | | 4 | **break** | past | knife | | | | | short *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **remain** | past | | | | the hilt and the handle | | in Kullervo's grasp | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at hilt=Location | | 6 | **grasp** | | Kullervo | | | | | | nom grasp «cognition transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 96](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/29/96/) - next →: [sentence 98](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/29/98/) - ↑ back to [The Slave Boy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/29/)