---
title: He cracked his whip, he shouted, and the long-legged racer flew swif… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: He cracked his whip, he shouted, and the long-legged racer flew swiftly over meadows and forests, over mountains and lowlands. Who acts: misfortune, legged racer. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Maid of Beauty, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Maid of Beauty, sentence 100

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He cracked his whip, he shouted, and the long-legged racer flew swiftly over meadows and forests, over mountains and lowlands.

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**Who acts:** misfortune, legged racer · **What happens:** crack, shout, fly · **To what, where:** whip, meadows

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Maid of Beauty. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (misfortune, legged racer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:3:100
# text = He cracked his whip, he shouted, and the long-legged racer flew swiftly over meadows and forests, over mountains and lowlands.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cracked	crack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	legged	legged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	racer	racer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	swiftly	swiftly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	over	over	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	meadows	meadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	over	over	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	lowlands	lowland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crack** | past | misfortune | misfortune's whip |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location whip=Theme |
| 2 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | misfortune |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fly** | past | the legged racer |  |  | meadows and forests and mountains and lowlands |  | swiftly *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over meadow=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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