---
title: Now he was among the snowy mountains; and now his sledge was skimmin… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Now he was among the snowy mountains; and now his sledge was skimming along untravelled paths in the deep and shadowy valleys. Who acts: star, sledge. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Maid of Beauty, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Maid of Beauty, sentence 4

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Now he was among the snowy mountains; and now his sledge was skimming along untravelled paths in the deep and shadowy valleys.

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**Who acts:** star, sledge · **What happens:** be, skim · **To what, where:** snowy mountains

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Maid of Beauty. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (star, sledge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:3:4
# text = Now he was among the snowy mountains; and now his sledge was skimming along untravelled paths in the deep and shadowy valleys.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	among	among	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	snowy	snowy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
10	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	skimming	skim	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	acl	_	_
15	along	along	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	untravelled	untravelled	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	paths	path	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
20	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	shadowy	shadowy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
23	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | star |  |  |  | now | among the snowy mountains | tree rules |
| 2 | **skim** | past · progressive | star's sledge | the snowy mountains *not said here* |  |  | now | along untravelled paths in the deep valleys | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent mountain=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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