---
title: “Take heart, brother, take heart,” answered the Minstrel cheerily. — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: “Take heart, brother, take heart,” answered the Minstrel cheerily. Who acts: Minstrel. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Golden Maiden, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Golden Maiden, sentence 16

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“Take heart, brother, take heart,” answered the Minstrel cheerily.

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**Who acts:** Minstrel · **What happens:** take, answer · **To what, where:** heart · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Golden Maiden. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Minstrel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:31:16
# text = “Take heart, brother, take heart,” answered the Minstrel cheerily.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
3	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
8	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
11	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Minstrel	Minstrel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	cheerily	cheerily	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | heart and brother |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Theme |
| 2 | **take** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | heart |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Theme |
| 3 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | the Minstrel |  |  |  |  | cheerily *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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