---
title: Suddenly from the shore they heard some ravens calling among the sto… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Suddenly from the shore they heard some ravens calling among the storm-beaten pines. Who acts: cargo, ravens. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Golden Maiden, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Golden Maiden, sentence 20

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Suddenly from the shore they heard some ravens calling among the storm-beaten pines.

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**Who acts:** cargo, ravens · **What happens:** hear, call, beat · **To what, where:** ravens, shore · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Golden Maiden. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cargo, ravens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:31:20
# text = Suddenly from the shore they heard some ravens calling among the storm-beaten pines.
1	Suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	ravens	raven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	among	among	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	pines	pine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | cargo | some ravens |  | the shore |  | suddenly *property* | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent raven=Topic from shore=Source |
| 2 | **call** | gerund | some ravens *not said here* |  |  |  |  | among the beaten pines | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **beat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | storm *compound* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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