---
title: Wainola!” sang the ancient Minstrel as he wielded the long rudder an… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Wainola!” sang the ancient Minstrel as he wielded the long rudder and deftly turned the vessel before the wind. Who acts: Wainola. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Golden Maiden, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Golden Maiden, sentence 32

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Wainola!” sang the ancient Minstrel as he wielded the long rudder and deftly turned the vessel before the wind.

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**Who acts:** Wainola · **What happens:** sing, wield, turn · **To what, where:** ancient Minstrel, long rudder, vessel

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Golden Maiden. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wainola), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:31:32
# text = Wainola!” sang the ancient Minstrel as he wielded the long rudder and deftly turned the vessel before the wind.
1	Wainola	Wainola	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
4	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Minstrel	minstrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	wielded	wield	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	rudder	rudder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	deftly	deftly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	before	before	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* *in a quote* | past | Wainola | the ancient Minstrel |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location minstrel=Theme |
| 2 | **wield** *in a quote* | past | Wainola | the long rudder |  |  |  |  | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rudder=Theme |
| 3 | **turn** *in a quote* | past | Wainola *not said here* | the vessel |  |  | before the wind | deftly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent vessel=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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