---
title: The hedges had been torn down, the flower-beds had been trampled and… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: The hedges had been torn down, the flower-beds had been trampled and destroyed, the bordering fields were laid waste. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Golden Maiden, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/31/44/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old No…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/) / [The Golden Maiden](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/31/) / 44

# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Golden Maiden, sentence 44

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hedges had been torn down, the flower-beds had been trampled and destroyed, the bordering fields were laid waste.

<!-- .vintro -->
**What happens:** tear down, trample, destroy, border, lay · **To what, where:** hedges, flower beds, bordering fields

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Golden Maiden. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:31:44
# text = The hedges had been torn down, the flower-beds had been trampled and destroyed, the bordering fields were laid waste.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hedges	hedge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	beds	bed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	trampled	trample	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	bordering	border	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	amod	_	_
20	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
21	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
23	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tear down** | past · perfect · passive |  | the hedges |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **trample** | past · perfect · passive |  | the flower beds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **destroy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **border** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **lay** | past · passive |  | the bordering fields |  |  |  | waste *obj* | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme waste=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/31/43/)
- next →: [sentence 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/31/45/)
- ↑ back to [The Golden Maiden](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/31/)