---
title: Can this be Wainola, the village once so happy and prosperous?” he s… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Can this be Wainola, the village once so happy and prosperous?” he said to himself. Who acts: this, Wainola. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Famine, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Famine, sentence 12

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Can this be Wainola, the village once so happy and prosperous?” he said to himself.

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**Who acts:** this, Wainola · **What happens:** be, say · **To what, where:** Wainola · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Famine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, Wainola), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:32:12
# text = Can this be Wainola, the village once so happy and prosperous?” he said to himself.
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	Wainola	Wainola	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
8	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	10	advmod	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	prosperous	prosperous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | this | Wainola |  |  |  | the village *appos* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | Wainola |  | Wainola |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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