---
title: And now the rowers were silent, the maidens had ceased their singing… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: And now the rowers were silent, the maidens had ceased their singing, the young men refrained from shouting, even the nimble Ahti left off his dancing and sat quietly at the feet of Ilmarinen. Who acts: rowers, young men, nimble Ahti, maidens. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Kantele, sentence 7

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And now the rowers were silent, the maidens had ceased their singing, the young men refrained from shouting, even the nimble Ahti left off his dancing and sat quietly at the feet of Ilmarinen.

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**Who acts:** rowers, young men, nimble Ahti, maidens, Ahti · **What happens:** be, cease, refrain, shout, leave off, sit · **To what, where:** maidens, dancing, feet

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Kantele. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rowers, young men, nimble Ahti, maidens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:34:7
# text = And now the rowers were silent, the maidens had ceased their singing, the young men refrained from shouting, even the nimble Ahti left off his dancing and sat quietly at the feet of Ilmarinen.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rowers	rower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	silent	silent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	maidens	maiden	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	ceased	cease	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	singing	singing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	refrained	refrain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	even	even	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	nimble	nimble	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	Ahti	Ahti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
27	off	off	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	dancing	dancing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
32	quietly	quietly	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
33	at	at	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Ilmarinen	Ilmarinen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the rowers |  |  |  | now | silent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cease** | past · perfect · passive |  | the maidens |  |  |  | maidens's singing *obj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **refrain** | past | the young men |  |  |  |  |  | vn refrain-69 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **leave off** | past | the nimble Ahti | Ahti's dancing |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dancing=Theme |
| 6 | **sit** | past | the nimble Ahti *not said here* |  |  | the feet of Ilmarinen |  | quietly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at foot=Location |
| 7 | **sing** |  | maidens *= maiden* |  |  |  |  |  | nom singing «act transitive»: poss=agent |
| 8 | **dance** |  | Ahti |  |  |  |  |  | nom dancing «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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