---
title: The nimble Ahti, cause of all this trouble, lay prone upon the deck… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: The nimble Ahti, cause of all this trouble, lay prone upon the deck speechless with fright. Who acts: nimble Ahti. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Flight, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Flight, sentence 130

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The nimble Ahti, cause of all this trouble, lay prone upon the deck speechless with fright.

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**Who acts:** nimble Ahti · **What happens:** lay, cause · **To what, where:** prone, deck, trouble

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Flight. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (nimble Ahti), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:36:130
# text = The nimble Ahti, cause of all this trouble, lay prone upon the deck speechless with fright.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	nimble	nimble	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Ahti	Ahti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	prone	prone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	deck	deck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	speechless	speechless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	fright	fright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | the nimble Ahti | prone |  | the deck |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent prone=Theme upon deck=Destination |
| 2 | **cause** |  |  | all trouble |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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