---
title: The Minstrel paused, he could go no farther; the heroes stood waitin… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: The Minstrel paused, he could go no farther; the heroes stood waiting around him. Who acts: Minstrel, heroes. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Flight, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Flight, sentence 19

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The Minstrel paused, he could go no farther; the heroes stood waiting around him.

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**Who acts:** Minstrel, heroes · **What happens:** pause, go, stand, wait

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Flight. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Minstrel, heroes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:36:19
# text = The Minstrel paused, he could go no farther; the heroes stood waiting around him.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Minstrel	Minstrel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	paused	pause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
8	no	no	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	farther	far	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	heroes	hero	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	waiting	wait	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	xcomp	_	_
15	around	around	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pause** | past | the Minstrel |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | could | Minstrel |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **stand** | past | the heroes |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **wait** | gerund | the heroes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | around hero | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around he=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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