---
title: The heroes looking back could see a host of armed men standing benea… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: The heroes looking back could see a host of armed men standing beneath the wind-filled sail. Who acts: heroes, armed men. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Pursuit, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Pursuit, sentence 79

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The heroes looking back could see a host of armed men standing beneath the wind-filled sail.

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**Who acts:** heroes, armed men · **What happens:** look back, see, stand, fill · **To what, where:** host, filled sail

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Pursuit. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heroes, armed men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:37:79
# text = The heroes looking back could see a host of armed men standing beneath the wind-filled sail.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heroes	hero	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	looking	look	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	armed	armed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
15	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	sail	sail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look back** | gerund | the heroes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **see** | could | the heroes | a host of armed men |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer host=Stimulus |
| 3 | **stand** | gerund | armed men *not said here* |  |  | the filled sail |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beneath sail=Location |
| 4 | **fill** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | wind *compound* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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