---
title: Even Wainamoinen, so brave, so steadfast, turned pale as he gazed al… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Even Wainamoinen, so brave, so steadfast, turned pale as he gazed aloft and saw the peril that menaced them. Who acts: Wainamoinen, peril. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Fate of the Sampo, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Fate of the Sampo, sentence 31

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Even Wainamoinen, so brave, so steadfast, turned pale as he gazed aloft and saw the peril that menaced them.

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**Who acts:** Wainamoinen, peril · **What happens:** turn, gaze, see, menace · **To what, where:** peril, rowers

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Fate of the Sampo. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wainamoinen, peril), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:38:31
# text = Even Wainamoinen, so brave, so steadfast, turned pale as he gazed aloft and saw the peril that menaced them.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	Wainamoinen	Wainamoinen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	steadfast	steadfast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
11	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	gazed	gaze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
15	aloft	aloft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	peril	peril	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
21	menaced	menace	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
22	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | pale *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **gaze** | past | Wainamoinen |  |  |  |  | aloft *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **see** | past | Wainamoinen *not said here* | the peril |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer peril=Stimulus |
| 4 | **menace** | past | the peril | rowers *= rower* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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