---
title: Dreadful was the confusion that followed, and sad would have been th… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Dreadful was the confusion that followed, and sad would have been the fate of the heroes had not Wainamoinen, with unheard-of swiftness, let fall his sword of magic. Who acts: Dreadful, confusion, sad fate. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Fate of the S
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Fate of the Sampo, sentence 52

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Dreadful was the confusion that followed, and sad would have been the fate of the heroes had not Wainamoinen, with unheard-of swiftness, let fall his sword of magic.

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**Who acts:** Dreadful, confusion, sad fate · **What happens:** be, follow, have, let, fall · **To what, where:** confusion, sad fate, Wainamoinen, sword

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Fate of the Sampo. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dreadful, confusion, sad fate), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:38:52
# text = Dreadful was the confusion that followed, and sad would have been the fate of the heroes had not Wainamoinen, with unheard-of swiftness, let fall his sword of magic.
1	Dreadful	Dreadful	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	confusion	confusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
9	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
10	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux	_	_
12	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	cop	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	fate	fate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	heroes	hero	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
18	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	Wainamoinen	Wainamoinen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	unheard	unheard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	swiftness	swiftness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
29	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	xcomp	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	magic	magic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Dreadful | the confusion and the sad fate |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **follow** | past | the confusion and the sad fate |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | would · perfect | Dreadful *not said here* | the sad fate |  |  |  | of the heroes | tree rules |
| 4 | **have** | past | the sad fate *not said here* | Wainamoinen |  |  |  | with unheard swiftness | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **let** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **fall** | infinitive |  | Dreadful's sword of magic |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient sword=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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