---
title: All night the Minstrel rode wildly towards the South Country, never… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: All night the Minstrel rode wildly towards the South Country, never looking behind him, never pausing to rest. Who acts: Minstrel. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Graybeard and His Son, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Graybeard and His Son, sentence 1

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All night the Minstrel rode wildly towards the South Country, never looking behind him, never pausing to rest.

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**Who acts:** Minstrel · **What happens:** ride, not look, not pause, rest · **To what, where:** South Country

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Graybeard and His Son. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Minstrel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:4:1
# text = All night the Minstrel rode wildly towards the South Country, never looking behind him, never pausing to rest.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Minstrel	Minstrel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	wildly	wildly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Country	Country	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
14	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	pausing	pause	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	rest	rest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | the Minstrel |  |  | the South Country | night | wildly *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent towards country=Trajectory |
| 2 | **not** **look** | gerund | the Minstrel *not said here* |  |  |  |  | behind Minstrel | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent behind he=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **pause** | gerund | the Minstrel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **rest** | to-infinitive | the Minstrel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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