---
title: Had it not been for a wicked hornet, Iron would never have harmed me… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Had it not been for a wicked hornet, Iron would never have harmed me—would never have harmed any one. Who acts: Iron. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Graybeard and His Son, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Graybeard and His Son, sentence 163

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Had it not been for a wicked hornet, Iron would never have harmed me—would never have harmed any one.

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**Who acts:** Iron · **What happens:** have, not be, not harm · **To what, where:** grudge, me, wicked hornet

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Graybeard and His Son. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iron), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:4:163
# text = Had it not been for a wicked hornet, Iron would never have harmed me—would never have harmed any one.
1	Had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hornet	hornet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	Iron	Iron	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
11	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
12	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux	_	_
14	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	acl	_	_
15	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
18	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
19	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux	_	_
20	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	xcomp	_	_
21	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	22	det	_	_
22	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past |  | grudge |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | for a wicked hornet | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **harm** | would · perfect | Iron | me |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer |
| 4 | **not** **harm** | would · perfect · passive |  | a wicked hornet |  |  |  | any one *obj* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer one=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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