---
title: “Welcome, stranger!” echoed the Graybeard’s son, peeping over his fa… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: “Welcome, stranger!” echoed the Graybeard’s son, peeping over his father’s shoulder. Who acts: stranger. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Graybeard and His Son, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Graybeard and His Son, sentence 39

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“Welcome, stranger!” echoed the Graybeard’s son, peeping over his father’s shoulder.

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**Who acts:** stranger · **What happens:** echo, peep · **To what, where:** son

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Graybeard and His Son. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stranger), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:4:39
# text = “Welcome, stranger!” echoed the Graybeard’s son, peeping over his father’s shoulder.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Welcome	welcome	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	echoed	echo	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Graybeard	Graybeard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	’s	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	peeping	peep	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	advcl	_	_
14	over	over	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	’s	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **echo** | past | stranger | the Graybeard's son |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location son=Theme |
| 2 | **peep** | gerund | stranger *not said here* |  |  |  |  | over stranger's father's shoulder | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent over shoulder=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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