---
title: And all the while he sang weird songs and muttered strange charms su… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: And all the while he sang weird songs and muttered strange charms such as his father had taught him. Who acts: youth, strange charms. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Graybeard and His Son, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Graybeard and His Son, sentence 94

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And all the while he sang weird songs and muttered strange charms such as his father had taught him.

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**Who acts:** youth, strange charms · **What happens:** sing, mutter, teach · **To what, where:** weird songs, strange charms, father, youth

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Graybeard and His Son. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (youth, strange charms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:4:94
# text = And all the while he sang weird songs and muttered strange charms such as his father had taught him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
4	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	weird	weird	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	muttered	mutter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	charms	charm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	18	mark	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	taught	teach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl:relcl	_	_
19	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | youth | weird songs |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |
| 2 | **mutter** *speech: assert* | past | youth *not said here* | strange charms |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent charm=Topic |
| 3 | **teach** *speech: other* | past · perfect · passive | strange charms *not said here* | youth's father | youth |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient he=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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