---
title: This is the tale [D] which Wainamoinen, old and truthful, told to th… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: This is the tale [D] which Wainamoinen, old and truthful, told to the listening Graybeard while the fire blazed and crackled on the hearth between them. Who acts: This, fire. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Wicked Hornet, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Wicked Hornet, sentence 1

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This is the tale \[D\] which Wainamoinen, old and truthful, told to the listening Graybeard while the fire blazed and crackled on the hearth between them.

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**Who acts:** This, fire · **What happens:** be, tell, listen, blaze, crackle · **To what, where:** tale, hearth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Wicked Hornet. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, fire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:5:1
# text = This is the tale [D] which Wainamoinen, old and truthful, told to the listening Graybeard while the fire blazed and crackled on the hearth between them.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	D	D	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
9	Wainamoinen	Wainamoinen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	truthful	truthful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	parataxis	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	listening	listen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	amod	_	_
19	Graybeard	Graybeard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl:agent	_	_
20	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	blazed	blaze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	crackled	crackle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	hearth	hearth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	between	between	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | This | the tale |  |  |  | D *appos* | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | the listening Graybeard *obl:agent* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **listen** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **blaze** | past | the fire |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **crackle** | past | the fire *not said here* |  |  | the hearth between them |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on hearth=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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