---
title: The Smith heaped live coals in his forge and blew with his bellows u… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: The Smith heaped live coals in his forge and blew with his bellows until the flames leaped up, roaring and sparkling, and the smoke rose in dense clouds over the roof of the smithy. Who acts: Smith, flames, smoke. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Wicked
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Wicked Hornet, sentence 40

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The Smith heaped live coals in his forge and blew with his bellows until the flames leaped up, roaring and sparkling, and the smoke rose in dense clouds over the roof of the smithy.

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**Who acts:** Smith, flames, smoke · **What happens:** heap, blow, leap up, roar, sparkle, rise · **To what, where:** live coals, forge, dense clouds

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Wicked Hornet. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Smith, flames, smoke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:5:40
# text = The Smith heaped live coals in his forge and blew with his bellows until the flames leaped up, roaring and sparkling, and the smoke rose in dense clouds over the roof of the smithy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Smith	Smith	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	heaped	heap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	live	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	coals	coal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	forge	forge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	bellows	bellow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	leaped	leap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
18	up	up	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	roaring	roar	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	sparkling	sparkle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
27	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	dense	dense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	_
31	over	over	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	smithy	smithy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heap** | past | the Smith | live coals |  | Smith's forge |  |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent coal=Theme in forge=Destination |
| 2 | **blow** | past | the Smith *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with Smith's bellows | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»: with bellow=Theme |
| 3 | **leap up** | participle | the flames |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **roar** | gerund | the flames *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **sparkle** | gerund | the flames *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **rise** | past | the smoke |  |  | dense clouds |  | over the roof of the smithy | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cloud=Location |
| 7 | **bellow** |  | Smith |  |  |  |  |  | nom bellow «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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