---
title: The birchwood runners bumped hard on the rough causeway. — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: The birchwood runners bumped hard on the rough causeway. Who acts: birchwood runners. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Tree of Magic, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Tree of Magic, sentence 31

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The birchwood runners bumped hard on the rough causeway.

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**Who acts:** birchwood runners · **What happens:** bump · **To what, where:** rough causeway

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Tree of Magic. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (birchwood runners), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:6:31
# text = The birchwood runners bumped hard on the rough causeway.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	birchwood	birchwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	bumped	bump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	causeway	causeway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bump** | past | the birchwood runners |  |  | the rough causeway |  | hard *property* | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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