---
title: He lifted his arms above his head, and sang a song so weird and wild… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: He lifted his arms above his head, and sang a song so weird and wild that the pine trees shuddered and shrieked. Who acts: Minstrel, pine trees. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Tree of Magic, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Tree of Magic, sentence 44

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He lifted his arms above his head, and sang a song so weird and wild that the pine trees shuddered and shrieked.

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**Who acts:** Minstrel, pine trees · **What happens:** lift, sing, shudder, shriek · **To what, where:** arms, head, song

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Tree of Magic. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Minstrel, pine trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:6:44
# text = He lifted his arms above his head, and sang a song so weird and wild that the pine trees shuddered and shrieked.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	above	above	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	weird	weird	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	shuddered	shudder	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	shrieked	shriek	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | past | Minstrel | Minstrel's arms |  | Minstrel's head |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent arm=Theme above head=Destination |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | Minstrel *not said here* | a song |  |  |  | weird *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |
| 3 | **shudder** | past | the pine trees |  |  |  |  |  | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **shriek** | past | the pine trees *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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