---
title: Indeed, I passed by the end of the causeway yesterday, and I saw onl… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Indeed, I passed by the end of the causeway yesterday, and I saw only whispering pines and dwarf oaks and a few stunted poplars.” Who acts: I. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Smithy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Smithy, sentence 103

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Indeed, I passed by the end of the causeway yesterday, and I saw only whispering pines and dwarf oaks and a few stunted poplars.”

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** pass, see, stunt · **To what, where:** whispering pines

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Smithy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:7:103
# text = Indeed, I passed by the end of the causeway yesterday, and I saw only whispering pines and dwarf oaks and a few stunted poplars.”
1	Indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	causeway	causeway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	yesterday	yesterday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
16	only	only	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	whispering	whispering	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	pines	pine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	dwarf	dwarf	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	oaks	oak	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
24	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
25	stunted	stunt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	amod	_	_
26	poplars	poplar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | I |  |  |  | by the end of the causeway yesterday | indeed *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by end=Location |
| 2 | **see** | past | I | whispering pines and dwarf oaks and a few stunted poplars |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pine=Stimulus |
| 3 | **stunt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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