---
title: The astonished Smith dropped his tongs; he threw his hammer down; he… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: The astonished Smith dropped his tongs; he threw his hammer down; he ran to greet his unexpected visitor. Who acts: astonished Smith, Smith. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Smithy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Smithy, sentence 23

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The astonished Smith dropped his tongs; he threw his hammer down; he ran to greet his unexpected visitor.

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**Who acts:** astonished Smith, Smith · **What happens:** drop, throw down, run, greet · **To what, where:** tongs, hammer, unexpected visitor

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Smithy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (astonished Smith, Smith), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:7:23
# text = The astonished Smith dropped his tongs; he threw his hammer down; he ran to greet his unexpected visitor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	astonished	astonished	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Smith	Smith	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	tongs	tong	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	hammer	hammer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	down	down	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	greet	greet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
19	unexpected	unexpected	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	visitor	visitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | past | the astonished Smith | Smith's tongs |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tong=Theme |
| 2 | **throw down** | past | Smith | Smith's hammer |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hammer=Theme |
| 3 | **run** | past | Smith |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **greet** *speech: greet* | to-infinitive | Smith *not said here* |  | Smith's unexpected visitor |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent visitor=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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