---
title: “I have been tossed on the sea; I have been in many countries; I hav… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: “I have been tossed on the sea; I have been in many countries; I have seen the whole vast world.” Who acts: Minstrel. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Smithy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Smithy, sentence 33

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“I have been tossed on the sea; I have been in many countries; I have seen the whole vast world.”

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**Who acts:** Minstrel · **What happens:** toss, be, see · **To what, where:** Minstrel, sea, many countries, whole vast world

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Smithy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Minstrel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:7:33
# text = “I have been tossed on the sea; I have been in many countries; I have seen the whole vast world.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	tossed	toss	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
12	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	cop	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
21	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
22	vast	vast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **toss** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | the Minstrel *= minstrel* |  | the sea |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme on sea=Destination |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present · perfect | the Minstrel *= minstrel* |  |  | many countries |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **see** *in a quote* | present · perfect | the Minstrel *= minstrel* | the whole vast world |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer world=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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