---
title: Then, in a few words wisely spoken, the Minstrel told of his shipwre… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Then, in a few words wisely spoken, the Minstrel told of his shipwreck, and how for eight days—yes, for nine long, wearisome days—he had been carried hither and thither on the crests of the waves. Who acts: Minstrel. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Smi
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Smithy, sentence 38

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Then, in a few words wisely spoken, the Minstrel told of his shipwreck, and how for eight days—yes, for nine long, wearisome days—he had been carried hither and thither on the crests of the waves.

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**Who acts:** Minstrel · **What happens:** speak, tell, carry · **To what, where:** few words, Minstrel, crests · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Smithy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Minstrel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:7:38
# text = Then, in a few words wisely spoken, the Minstrel told of his shipwreck, and how for eight days—yes, for nine long, wearisome days—he had been carried hither and thither on the crests of the waves.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
7	wisely	wisely	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Minstrel	Minstrel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	shipwreck	shipwreck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
18	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	35	advmod	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	30	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
26	nine	nine	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	30	nummod	_	_
27	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
29	wearisome	wearisome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj:pass	_	_
33	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
34	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	35	aux:pass	_	_
35	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
36	hither	hither	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	thither	thither	ADV	RB	_	36	conj	_	_
39	on	on	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	crests	crest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obl	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle | the Minstrel *not said here* |  |  | a few words | then | wisely *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the Minstrel |  |  |  |  | of Minstrel's shipwreck | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **carry** | past · perfect · passive |  | Minstrel |  | the crests of the waves; thither | day | hither *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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