---
title: Then in the distance thin wreaths of smoke could be seen rising abov… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Then in the distance thin wreaths of smoke could be seen rising above the crest of a hill—and the Minstrel knew that at the foot of that hill his own little village of Wainola was nestling in peace and quietude. Who acts: thin wreaths, Minstrel, own little village. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Smithy, sentence 5

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Then in the distance thin wreaths of smoke could be seen rising above the crest of a hill—and the Minstrel knew that at the foot of that hill his own little village of Wainola was nestling in peace and quietude.

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**Who acts:** thin wreaths, Minstrel, own little village · **What happens:** see, rise, know, nestle · **To what, where:** thin wreaths, crest, foot · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Smithy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thin wreaths, Minstrel, own little village), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:7:5
# text = Then in the distance thin wreaths of smoke could be seen rising above the crest of a hill—and the Minstrel knew that at the foot of that hill his own little village of Wainola was nestling in peace and quietude.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
5	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	wreaths	wreath	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	xcomp	_	_
13	above	above	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	Minstrel	Minstrel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
24	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
25	at	at	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	30	det	_	_
30	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
32	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
33	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Wainola	Wainola	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
37	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
38	nestling	nestle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	ccomp	_	_
39	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	quietude	quietude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | could · passive |  | thin wreaths of smoke |  |  | then | in the distance | tree rules |
| 2 | **rise** | gerund | thin wreaths of smoke *not said here* |  |  | the crest of a hill |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above crest=Location |
| 3 | **know** | past | the Minstrel |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **nestle** | past · progressive | Minstrel's own little village of Wainola |  |  | the foot of that hill |  | in peace and quietude | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at foot=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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