---
title: He approached the field and paused quite near to the grove, listenin… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: He approached the field and paused quite near to the grove, listening, smiling as though he expected something. Who acts: Minstrel. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Smithy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Smithy, sentence 9

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He approached the field and paused quite near to the grove, listening, smiling as though he expected something.

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**Who acts:** Minstrel · **What happens:** approach, pause, listen, smile, expect · **To what, where:** field, something

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Smithy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Minstrel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:7:9
# text = He approached the field and paused quite near to the grove, listening, smiling as though he expected something.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	approached	approach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	paused	pause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	near	near	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	grove	grove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	listening	listen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	smiling	smile	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	_
16	as	as	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
17	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	expected	expect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
20	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **approach** | past | Minstrel | the field |  |  |  |  | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Theme |
| 2 | **pause** | past | Minstrel *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the grove; near *property* | vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **listen** | gerund | Minstrel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **smile** | gerund | Minstrel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **expect** | past | Minstrel | something |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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