---
title: The winds lifted the venturesome Smith in their arms; they laid him… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: The winds lifted the venturesome Smith in their arms; they laid him softly in their swiftly sailing cloud boat; they hurried him over forests and marsh lands, over mountains and sea, and at the hour of midnight dropped him gently on the frozen shores of Pohyola. Who acts: winds, smiths. A sentence o
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Tempest, sentence 26

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The winds lifted the venturesome Smith in their arms; they laid him softly in their swiftly sailing cloud boat; they hurried him over forests and marsh lands, over mountains and sea, and at the hour of midnight dropped him gently on the frozen shores of Pohyola.

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**Who acts:** winds, smiths · **What happens:** lift, lay, sail, hurry, drop, freeze · **To what, where:** venturesome Smith, arms, wind, sailing cloud boat, forests, frozen shores

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Tempest. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (winds, smiths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:8:26
# text = The winds lifted the venturesome Smith in their arms; they laid him softly in their swiftly sailing cloud boat; they hurried him over forests and marsh lands, over mountains and sea, and at the hour of midnight dropped him gently on the frozen shores of Pohyola.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	venturesome	venturesome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Smith	Smith	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	softly	softly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
17	swiftly	swiftly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	sailing	sail	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	amod	_	_
19	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	hurried	hurry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	over	over	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	marsh	marsh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	over	over	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
37	at	at	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	midnight	midnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	_
42	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
43	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	obj	_	_
44	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
45	on	on	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
47	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	48	amod	_	_
48	shores	shore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obl	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	Pohyola	Pohyola	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | past | the winds | the venturesome Smith |  | smiths's arms |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent smith=Theme in arm=Destination |
| 2 | **lay** | past | smiths *= smith* | wind |  | smiths's sailing cloud boat |  | softly *property* | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme in boat=Destination |
| 3 | **sail** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | swiftly *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **hurry** | past | smiths *= smith* | wind |  | forests and marsh lands |  | over mountains and sea | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.source PP.destination PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent he=Theme over forest=Initial\_Location over mountain=Trajectory |
| 5 | **drop** | past |  | wind |  | the frozen shores of Pohyola | hour | gently *property* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme on shore=Destination |
| 6 | **freeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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