---
title: Then in the misty darkness she heard footsteps; but the watch dogs l… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Then in the misty darkness she heard footsteps; but the watch dogs lay sleeping in the sledgeway, their ears were closed, they did not bark. Who acts: Louhi, watch dogs, ears. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Tempest, with its dependency tree and the pr
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Tempest, sentence 30

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Then in the misty darkness she heard footsteps; but the watch dogs lay sleeping in the sledgeway, their ears were closed, they did not bark.

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**Who acts:** Louhi, watch dogs, ears · **What happens:** hear, lay, sleep, close, not bark · **To what, where:** footsteps, misty darkness, sledgeway, ears

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Tempest. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Louhi, watch dogs, ears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:8:30
# text = Then in the misty darkness she heard footsteps; but the watch dogs lay sleeping in the sledgeway, their ears were closed, they did not bark.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	misty	misty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	footsteps	footstep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	watch	watch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
15	sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	xcomp	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	sledgeway	sledgeway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
26	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	28	advmod	_	_
28	bark	bark	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Louhi | footsteps |  | the misty darkness | then |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer footstep=Stimulus |
| 2 | **lay** | present | the watch dogs |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **sleep** | gerund | the watch dogs *not said here* |  |  | the sledgeway |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in sledgeway=Location |
| 4 | **close** | past · passive |  | dogs's ears |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 5 | **not** **bark** | past · do-support | ears *= ear* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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