---
title: “Have you ever in all your travels met a minstrel, old and steady, w… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: “Have you ever in all your travels met a minstrel, old and steady, whom men call Wainamoinen?” Who acts: you, men. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Tempest, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Tempest, sentence 44

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“Have you ever in all your travels met a minstrel, old and steady, whom men call Wainamoinen?”

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**Who acts:** you, men · **What happens:** have, meet, call · **To what, where:** minstrel · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Tempest. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:8:44
# text = “Have you ever in all your travels met a minstrel, old and steady, whom men call Wainamoinen?”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
4	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	2	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	travels	travel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	met	meet	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	minstrel	minstrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	steady	steady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	obj	_	_
18	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
20	Wainamoinen	Wainamoinen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  | ever |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **meet** *in a quote* | present · passive | you *not said here* | a minstrel |  |  |  | your *nmod:poss* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: minstrel=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **call** *in a quote* | present | men |  | a minstrel |  |  | Wainamoinen *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent whom=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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