---
title: Surely my sins in a former birth were terrible in their enormity: fo… — The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth · tree and pragmatics
description: Surely my sins in a former birth were terrible in their enormity: for I have suffered in this existence pain sufficient for many lives. Who acts: sins, I. A sentence of «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, A Sleep and a Dream., part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth, A Sleep and a Dream., part 8, sentence 38

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Surely my sins in a former birth were terrible in their enormity: for I have suffered in this existence pain sufficient for many lives.

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**Who acts:** sins, I · **What happens:** be, suffer · **To what, where:** enormity, existence pain

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This is a sentence of «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, A Sleep and a Dream., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sins, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg68641:10:38
# text = Surely my sins in a former birth were terrible in their enormity: for I have suffered in this existence pain sufficient for many lives.
1	Surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	sins	sin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	enormity	enormity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	acl:relcl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
20	existence	existence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | my sins in a former birth |  |  | sins's enormity |  | surely, terrible *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **suffer** | present · perfect | I | sins's enormity *not said here* |  | this existence pain |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer enormity=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, Project Gutenberg book 68641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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