---
title: But Umra-Singh was so astonished, that he stood like a tree, rooted… — The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth · tree and pragmatics
description: But Umra-Singh was so astonished, that he stood like a tree, rooted to the ground: saying to himself: Is it reality, or is it a dream? Who acts: Umra, ground. A sentence of «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, A Sleep and a Dream., part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

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# The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth, A Sleep and a Dream., part 8, sentence 67

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But Umra-Singh was so astonished, that he stood like a tree, rooted to the ground: saying to himself: Is it reality, or is it a dream?

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**Who acts:** Umra, ground · **What happens:** be, stand, root, say · **To what, where:** tree, Umra, reality, dream · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, A Sleep and a Dream., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Umra, ground), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg68641:10:67
# text = But Umra-Singh was so astonished, that he stood like a tree, rooted to the ground: saying to himself: Is it reality, or is it a dream?
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	Umra	Umra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Singh	Singh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	astonished	astonished	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	rooted	root	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
21	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
25	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	reality	reality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
30	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
31	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	dream	dream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Umra |  |  |  |  | astonished *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | past | Umra |  |  |  |  | like a tree | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **root** | participle |  | a tree *not said here* |  |  |  | to the ground | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Umra *not said here* |  | Umra |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient |
| 5 | **is a** | present | ground | reality or a dream |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **is a** | present | ground | a dream |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, Project Gutenberg book 68641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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