--- title: And how do you know that this man is speaking the truth, or is not,… — The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth · tree and pragmatics description: And how do you know that this man is speaking the truth, or is not, rather, some impostor, who only wishes to secure me and half your kingdom, by falsely asserting that he has seen, what in fact he never has seen. Who acts: you, man, impostor. A sentence of «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg68641/4/60/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg68641/) / [A Sleep and a Dream., part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg68641/4/) / 60 # The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth, A Sleep and a Dream., part 2, sentence 60 And how do you know that this man is speaking the truth, or is not, rather, some impostor, who only wishes to secure me and half your kingdom, by falsely asserting that he has seen, what in fact he never has seen. **Who acts:** you, man, impostor · **What happens:** know, speak, not be, wish, secure, assert · **To what, where:** truth, impostor, kingdom, me, fact · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, A Sleep and a Dream., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, man, impostor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg68641:4:60 # text = And how do you know that this man is speaking the truth, or is not, rather, some impostor, who only wishes to secure me and half your kingdom, by falsely asserting that he has seen, what in fact he never has seen. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 2 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 5 advmod _ _ 3 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 4 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 5 know know VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 that that SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 7 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 8 det _ _ 8 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 10 speaking speak VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 ccomp _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 truth truth NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 14 or or CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 15 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 16 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 21 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 17 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 rather rather ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 20 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 21 det _ _ 21 impostor impostor NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 25 nsubj _ _ 24 only only ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 wishes wish VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 26 to to PART TO _ 27 mark _ _ 27 secure secure VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 xcomp _ _ 28 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 half half DET PDT NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind 32 det:predet _ _ 31 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ _ 32 kingdom kingdom NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 by by SCONJ IN _ 36 mark _ _ 35 falsely falsely ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 36 asserting assert VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 27 advcl _ _ 37 that that SCONJ IN _ 40 mark _ _ 38 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 39 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 aux _ _ 40 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 36 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 41 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 42 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 48 obj _ _ 43 in in ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 fact fact NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obl _ _ 45 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 nsubj _ _ 46 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 48 advmod _ _ 47 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 48 aux _ _ 48 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 40 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 49 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **know** | present · do-support | you | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · progressive | this man | the truth | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **not** **is a** | present | | some impostor | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **wish** | present | some impostor | | | | | | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | | 5 | **secure** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | some impostor *not said here* | your kingdom | me | | | | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Precondition i=Beneficiary kingdom=Theme | | 6 | **assert** | gerund | some impostor *not said here* | | | | | falsely *property* | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **see** | present · perfect | man | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 8 | **not** **see** | present · perfect | man | | | fact | | what *obj* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, Project Gutenberg book 68641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 59](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg68641/4/59/) - next →: [sentence 61](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg68641/4/61/) - ↑ back to [A Sleep and a Dream., part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg68641/4/)