---
title: His last great campaign was against the Rajputs; and that was a figh… — Indian tales of the great ones among men, women,… · tree and pragmatics
description: His last great campaign was against the Rajputs; and that was a fight worthy of the warrior who was now about forty-four years of age, and who had begun fighting when he was twelve. Who acts: that, warrior, last great campaign, tale. A sentence of «Indian tales of the great ones among men, women, an
---

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# Indian tales of the great ones among men, women, and bird-people, Opening, part 3, sentence 48

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His last great campaign was against the Rajputs; and that was a fight worthy of the warrior who was now about forty-four years of age, and who had begun fighting when he was twelve.

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**Who acts:** that, warrior, last great campaign, tale · **What happens:** be, begin, fight, campaign · **To what, where:** fight worthy, twelve, last great campaign

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This is a sentence of «Indian tales of the great ones among men, women, and bird-people» by Cornelia Sorabji, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, warrior, last great campaign, tale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg69647:3:48
# text = His last great campaign was against the Rajputs; and that was a fight worthy of the warrior who was now about forty-four years of age, and who had begun fighting when he was twelve.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	campaign	campaign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Rajputs	rajput	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	worthy	worthy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	warrior	warrior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
21	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	23	advmod	_	_
22	about	about	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	26	nummod	_	_
26	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod:unmarked	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	33	nsubj	_	_
32	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	begun	begin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
34	fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	33	xcomp	_	_
35	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	38	mark	_	_
36	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
37	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	cop	_	_
38	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	34	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | that | a fight worthy |  |  |  | of the warrior | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the warrior |  |  |  | now; year | about forty | tree rules |
| 3 | **begin** | past · perfect | tale's last great campaign and a fight worthy |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **fight** | gerund | tale's last great campaign and a fight worthy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** | past | tale | twelve |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **campaign** |  | tale |  |  |  |  |  | nom campaign «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Indian tales of the great ones among men, women, and bird-people» by Cornelia Sorabji, Project Gutenberg book 69647 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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