---
title: And it was spring-time, and the leaves of the pipal tree were shinin… — Indian tales of the great ones among men, women,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it was spring-time, and the leaves of the pipal tree were shining after a shower of rain, which had made all the world smell sweet with the good earth-smell. Who acts: person, leaves. A sentence of «Indian tales of the great ones among men, women, and bird-people» by Cornelia Sorabji, Opening, p
---

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# Indian tales of the great ones among men, women, and bird-people, Opening, part 4, sentence 123

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And it was spring-time, and the leaves of the pipal tree were shining after a shower of rain, which had made all the world smell sweet with the good earth-smell.

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**Who acts:** person, leaves · **What happens:** be, shine, make, smell · **To what, where:** spring time, rain

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This is a sentence of «Indian tales of the great ones among men, women, and bird-people» by Cornelia Sorabji, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (person, leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg69647:4:124
# text = And it was spring-time, and the leaves of the pipal tree were shining after a shower of rain, which had made all the world smell sweet with the good earth-smell.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	pipal	pipal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
17	after	after	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	shower	shower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	acl:relcl	_	_
26	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	28	det:predet	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
29	smell	smell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
30	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	xcomp	_	_
31	with	with	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
33	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
34	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | person | spring time |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **shine** | past · progressive | the leaves of the pipal tree | spring time *not said here* |  |  | after a shower of rain |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent time=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | past · perfect · passive |  | rain |  |  |  | all world *obj* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary world=Product |
| 4 | **smell** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with the good earth smell; sweet *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Indian tales of the great ones among men, women, and bird-people» by Cornelia Sorabji, Project Gutenberg book 69647 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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